Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/lěpiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *laip-, from Proto-Indo-European *loyp-eye-, from *leyp-.

Cognate with Lithuanian lipìnti (“to glue, to stick”), láipioti (“to glue, to stick”) (dialectal), lìpti (“to stick”) (1sg. limpù), Latvian lipt (“to stick”), Sanskrit लेपयति (lepayati, “to smear”), लिम्पति (limpáti, “to smear”), Ancient Greek λιπαίνω (lipaínō, “to oil”), Hittite [script needed] (lip-, “to smear”). Pokorny also links various other words with less obvious semantic connection, e.g. Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bilaibjan, “to leave, to abandon”), English leave, English live, Latin lippus (“festering”). See also *lьnǫti.

Verb

*lěpìti

1. to smear
2. to stick

Inflection

Conjugation of *lěpiti, *lěpi, *lěpitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*lěpľenьje	*lěpiti	*lěpitъ	*lěpilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*lěpľenъ	*lěpimъ
Active	*lěpľь	*lěpę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*lěpixъ	*lěpi	*lěpi	*lěpľǫ	*lěpiši	*lěpitь
Dual	*lěpixově	*lěpista	*lěpiste	*lěpivě	*lěpita	*lěpite
Plural	*lěpixomъ	*lěpiste	*lěpišę	*lěpimъ	*lěpite	*lěpętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*lěpľaaxъ	*lěpľaaše	*lěpľaaše	—	*lěpi	*lěpi
Dual	*lěpľaaxově	*lěpľaašeta	*lěpľaašete	*lěpivě	*lěpita	—
Plural	*lěpľaaxomъ	*lěpľaašete	*lěpľaaxǫ	*lěpimъ	*lěpite	—

Notes:
• (*)*lěpivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Conjugation of *lěpiti, *lěpi, *lěpitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*lěpľenьje	*lěpiti	*lěpitъ	*lěpilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*lěpľenъ	*lěpimъ
Active	*lěpľь	*lěpę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*lěpixъ	*lěpi	*lěpi	*lěpľǫ	*lěpiši	*lěpitь
Dual	*lěpixově	*lěpista	*lěpiste	*lěpivě	*lěpita	*lěpite
Plural	*lěpixomъ	*lěpiste	*lěpišę	*lěpimъ	*lěpite	*lěpętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*lěpľaaxъ	*lěpľaaše	*lěpľaaše	—	*lěpi	*lěpi
Dual	*lěpľaaxově	*lěpľaašeta	*lěpľaašete	*lěpivě	*lěpita	—
Plural	*lěpľaaxomъ	*lěpľaašete	*lěpľaaxǫ	*lěpimъ	*lěpite	—

Notes:
• (*)*lěpivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Related terms

• *lьnǫti (“to stick”)
• *lě̑pъ (“glue”)
• *lě̑pъ (“beautiful”)
• *lěpidlo (“clay, glue”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: лѣпити (lěpiti), лѣпитисѧ (lěpitisę)
    • Belarusian: ляпи́ць (ljapícʹ)
    • Russian: лепи́ть (lepítʹ)
    • Ukrainian: ліпи́ти (lipýty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: прилѣпити (prilěpiti)

    Glagolitic script: [Term?]

  • Bulgarian: лепя́ (lepjá)
  • Macedonian: лепи (lepi)
  • Serbo-Croatian:
    • Latin script: lépiti
    • Cyrillic script: ле́пити
  • Slovene: lepīti, lẹ́piti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: lepiti
    • Czech: lepit
  • Old Polish: lepić
    • Polish: lepić
  • Slovak: lepiť
  • Slovincian: lêpjic (“to glue”)
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: lěpić
    • Lower Sorbian: lěpiś

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Aromanian: alãchescu, alichescu, alãchiest
  • → Romanian: lipi

Further reading

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “лепи́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 476
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “лепи́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*lěpiti (sę) I”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 14 (*labati – *lěteplъjь), Moscow: Nauka, page 217
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “лепя, лепвам, лепна”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 365
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 670–671