Од Wiktionary
Долната листа на зборови била предложена од лингвистот Морис Свадеш (анг. Morris Swadesh).
Тоа е корисна листа на најчести зборови, кои се основни во повеќе јазици. Листата може да се употреби за учење на зборови за основна комуникација во различни јазици. Понекогаш е можно да се научат основите за комуникација во некој јазик без да се познава синтаксата на јазикот.
Other Swadesh lists include:
- Further Romance languages: Catalan, Interlingua, Portuguese, Romanian, Occitan, etc.
- Celtic languages: Breton, Cornish, Irish, Manx, Scots Gaelic, Welsh
- Germanic languages: English, Frisian, Dutch, Afrikaans, Low Saxon, Limburgs, Kölsch, Luxembourgish, German, Danish, Swedish, Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian
- Slavic languages: Polish, Russian, Czech, Serbo-Croatian, Bulgarian, Belarusian, Ukrainian
- Indo-Iranian languages: Persian/Farsi, Hindi, Romany, etc.
- Afro-Asiatic languages: Arabic, Hebrew, etc.
- Tupi-Guarani languages: South American family of Indian languages
- Sino-Tibetan languages: Mandarin Chinese, Cantonese, Taiwanese, Hakka, Burmese, Teochew
- Iberian languages: Portuguese, Galician, Aragonese, Catalan, Spanish
- Finno-Ugric languages: Finnish, Hungarian and Estonian
- Turkic languages: Turkish
- Austronesian languages
- Lesser used European languages
- Afrikaans and Dutch feel free to rename.
- Dravidian languages: Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, etc.
Categorized Swadesh lists
| No |
English |
French |
German |
Italian |
Spanish |
Dutch |
Swedish |
Latin |
| 1 |
I |
je |
ich |
io |
yo |
ik |
jag |
ego |
| 2 |
you sing., thou |
tu, vous (formal) |
du, Sie (formal) |
tu, Lei (formal) |
tú, usted (formal) |
jij, je, U (formal) |
du |
tu |
| 3 |
he |
il |
er |
lui, egli |
él |
hij |
han |
is, ea |
| 4 |
we |
nous |
wir |
noi |
nosotros |
wij, we |
vi |
nos |
| 5 |
you pl. |
vous |
ihr, Sie (formal) |
voi |
vosotros, ustedes (formal) |
jullie |
ni |
vos |
| 6 |
they |
ils, elles |
sie |
loro, essi |
ellos, ellas |
zij, ze |
de |
ii, eae |
| 7 |
this |
ceci |
dieses |
questo |
este |
deze, dit |
det här |
hic, is |
| 8 |
that |
cela |
jenes |
quello |
ese, aquel |
die, dat |
det där |
ille |
| 9 |
here |
ici |
hier |
qui, qua |
aquí, acá |
hier |
här |
hic |
| 10 |
there |
là |
dort |
là |
ahí, allí, allá |
daar |
där |
ibi |
| 11 |
who |
qui |
wer |
chi |
quien |
wie |
vem |
quis |
| 12 |
what |
quoi |
was |
che |
que |
wat |
vad |
quid |
| 13 |
where |
où |
wo |
dove |
donde |
waar |
var |
ubi |
| 14 |
when |
quand |
wann |
quando |
cuando |
wanneer |
när |
quando |
| 15 |
how |
comment |
wie |
come |
como |
hoe |
hur |
quam, quomodo |
| 16 |
not |
ne...pas |
nicht |
non |
no |
niet |
inte, ej |
non |
| 17 |
all |
tout |
alle |
tutto |
todo |
al,alle |
alla |
omnis |
| 18 |
many |
plusieurs |
viele |
molti |
muchos |
veel |
många |
multi |
| 19 |
some |
quelques |
einige |
alcuni |
algunos, unos |
enkele, sommige |
några, vissa |
aliqui, aliquot |
| 20 |
few |
peu |
wenige |
pochi |
poco |
weinig |
få |
pauci |
| 21 |
other |
autre |
andere |
altro |
otro |
ander |
annan |
alter, alius |
| 22 |
one |
un |
eins |
uno |
uno |
een |
ett |
unus |
| 23 |
two |
deux |
zwei |
due |
dos |
twee |
två |
duo |
| 24 |
three |
trois |
drei |
tre |
tres |
drie |
tre |
tres |
| 25 |
four |
quatre |
vier |
quattro |
cuatro |
vier |
fyra |
quattuor |
| 26 |
five |
cinq |
fünf |
cinque |
cinco |
vijf |
fem |
quinque |
| 27 |
big |
grand |
groß |
grande |
grande |
groot |
stor |
magnus, grandis |
| 28 |
long |
long |
lang |
lungo |
largo |
lang |
lång |
longus |
| 29 |
wide |
large |
breit, weit |
largo |
ancho |
breed, wijd |
bred, vid |
latus |
| 30 |
thick |
épais |
dick |
spesso |
gordo |
dik |
tjock |
creber |
| 31 |
heavy |
lourd |
schwer |
pesante |
pesado |
zwaar |
tung |
gravis |
| 32 |
small |
petit |
klein |
piccolo |
pequeño |
klein |
liten |
parvus |
| 33 |
short |
court |
kurz |
corto |
corto |
kort |
kort |
brevis |
| 34 |
narrow |
étroit |
eng |
stretto |
estrecho |
smal |
trång |
angustus |
| 35 |
thin |
mince |
dünn |
sottile |
delgado,flaco |
dun |
tunn |
macer |
| 36 |
woman |
femme |
Frau |
donna |
mujer |
vrouw |
kvinna |
femina |
| 37 |
man (adult male) |
homme |
Mann |
uomo |
hombre |
man |
man |
vir |
| 38 |
man (human being) |
homme |
Mensch |
uomo |
hombre |
mens |
människa |
homo |
| 39 |
child |
enfant |
Kind |
bambino |
niño |
kind |
barn |
puer |
| 40 |
wife |
femme, épouse |
Frau, Ehefrau |
moglie |
esposa, mujer |
vrouw, echtgenote |
hustru, maka, fru |
uxor, mulier |
| 41 |
husband |
mari, époux |
Mann, Ehemann |
marito |
esposo, marido |
man, echtgenoot |
man, make |
maritus |
| 42 |
mother |
mère |
Mutter |
madre |
madre |
moeder |
mamma, mor |
mater |
| 43 |
father |
père |
Vater |
padre |
padre |
vader |
pappa, far |
pater |
| 44 |
animal |
animal |
Tier |
animale |
animal |
dier |
djur |
animal |
| 45 |
fish |
poisson |
Fisch |
pesce |
pez, pescado |
vis |
fisk |
piscis |
| 46 |
bird |
oiseau |
Vogel |
uccello |
ave |
vogel |
fågel |
avis |
| 47 |
dog |
chien |
Hund |
cane |
perro |
hond |
hund |
canis |
| 48 |
louse (one lice) |
pou |
Laus |
pidocchio |
piojo |
luis |
lus |
pedis |
| 49 |
snake |
serpent |
Schlange |
serpente |
serpiente, vivora |
slang |
orm |
serpens |
| 50 |
worm |
ver |
Wurm |
verme |
gusano |
worm |
mask |
vermis |
| 51 |
tree |
arbre |
Baum |
albero |
árbol |
boom |
träd |
arbor |
| 52 |
forest |
forêt |
Wald |
foresta |
bosque |
woud |
skog |
silva |
| 53 |
stick |
bâton |
Stock |
bastone |
palo |
stok |
pinne |
fustis |
| 54 |
fruit |
fruit |
Frucht |
frutta |
fruta |
fruit, vrucht |
frukt |
fructus |
| 55 |
seed |
graine |
Samen |
seme |
semilla |
zaad |
frö |
semen |
| 56 |
leaf |
feuille |
Blatt |
foglia |
hoja |
blad |
löv, blad |
folium |
| 57 |
root |
racine |
Wurzel |
radice |
raíz |
wortel |
rot |
radix |
| 58 |
bark (from tree) |
écorce |
Rinde |
corteccia |
corteza |
schors |
bark |
cortex |
| 59 |
flower |
fleur |
Blume |
fiore |
flor |
bloem |
blomma |
flos |
| 60 |
grass |
herbe |
Gras |
erba |
hierba |
gras |
gräs |
herba |
| 61 |
rope |
corde |
Seil |
corda |
cuerda |
touw, koord |
rep |
funis |
| 62 |
skin |
peau |
Haut |
pelle |
piel |
huid |
hud |
cutis |
| 63 |
meat |
viande |
Fleisch |
carne |
carne |
vlees |
kött |
caro |
| 64 |
blood |
sang |
Blut |
sangue |
sangre |
bloed |
blod |
sanguis |
| 65 |
bone |
os |
Knochen |
osso |
hueso |
been, bot |
ben |
os |
| 66 |
fat (n.) |
graisse |
Fett |
grasso |
grasa |
vet |
fett |
adeps |
| 67 |
egg |
œuf |
Ei |
uovo |
huevo |
ei |
ägg |
ovum |
| 68 |
horn |
corne |
Horn |
corno |
cuerno |
hoorn |
horn |
cornu |
| 69 |
tail |
queue |
Schwanz |
coda |
cola |
staart |
svans |
cauda |
| 70 |
feather |
plume |
Feder |
piuma |
pluma |
veer |
fjäder |
penna |
| 71 |
hair |
cheveu |
Haar |
capelli |
cabello, pelo |
haar |
hår |
capillus, coma, crinis |
| 72 |
head |
tête |
Kopf, Haupt |
testa |
cabeza |
hoofd, kop |
huvud |
caput |
| 73 |
ear |
oreille |
Ohr |
orecchio |
oreja |
oor |
öra |
auris |
| 74 |
eye |
œil |
Auge |
occhio |
ojo |
oog |
öga |
oculus |
| 75 |
nose |
nez |
Nase |
naso |
nariz |
neus |
näsa |
nasus |
| 76 |
mouth |
bouche |
Mund |
bocca |
boca |
mond |
mun |
os |
| 77 |
tooth |
dent |
Zahn |
dente |
diente |
tand |
tand |
dens |
| 78 |
tongue |
langue |
Zunge |
lingua |
lengua |
tong |
tunga |
lingua |
| 79 |
fingernail |
ongle |
Fingernagel |
unghia |
uña |
vingernagel |
nagel |
unguis |
| 80 |
foot |
pied |
Fuß |
piede |
pie |
voet |
fot |
pes |
| 81 |
leg |
jambe |
Bein |
gamba |
pierna |
been |
ben |
crus |
| 82 |
knee |
genou |
Knie |
ginocchio |
rodilla |
knie |
knä |
genu |
| 83 |
hand |
main |
Hand |
mano |
mano |
hand |
hand |
manus |
| 84 |
wing |
aile |
Flügel |
ala |
ala |
vleugel |
|